INTRODUCTION:

“Children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future”¹. (John F. Kennedy). Truly acclaimed, children are the most valuable assets of any country and if they are provided with a customized and capable environment, then each child can be a productive adult and a responsible citizen of the country. “The state of children in any country or state gives penetrating insight to form an opinion about any state and nation where or on which pedestal the nation or state stands”² (Bala). Thus, appropriate and accurate child development is important for the overall development of society and the best way to develop national human resources is to look after the children well. The Government of India has implemented the new Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015 for the children and girls who are in conflict with the law of 0 to 18 years so that these children could be protected and reformed at Child observation homes. Such emphasis has been laid down on children because “Childhood period is vital because of socialization process by the transmission of attitude, customs and behavior through the influence of the family and community”³(Sarojini), and these children are already under bad influence, thus the necessity of Child Observation Homes exists where they can forget their past and enter into the society as a responsible citizen of country and play an important role in the welfare schemes of the society and the country.

HISTORICAL BACKROUND OF THE CHILD OBSERVATION HOMES:

The history of the Child Observation home in India is believed to have its root from the 1920s from the Borstal School. In 1920, the provision for the separation of juvenile offenders from adult offenders was made. The main aim was to separate child criminals from adult offenders and correcting them in an independent environment. At that time, these children's schools were set up for the 16-21-year-old child gangsters. By 1991, only 9 states in the country were Borstal schools - which included Tamil Nadu (1926), Andhra Pradesh (1926), Punjab (1926), Madhya Pradesh (1928), Maharashtra (1929), Uttar Pradesh (1938), Kerala and Karnataka (1934) The capability of each school was from 100 to 350 children. This school was working under the supervision of the Inspector General of Prisons. Yet each school had an observer committee, which consisted of a Sessions Judge, District Magistrate, a district-level school officer and four non-official members. In the school, no resident was kept for less than two years or for more than five years. Thus, in these schools, the culprits who were sentenced for more than two years were punished

At present - The Juvenile Justice Act 2015, Section 2 (40) - The Observation Home - means the house which is established and maintained in every district or district group by the government of a state either by itself or through a non-government organization or by volunteer and as such under Section 47(1). The state government shall maintain by establishing in each district or district groups either by themselves or through voluntary or non-governmental organizations, which will be registered under Section 41 of this Act, for the temporary admission of a child who has violated the law of this act, during the pendency of any inquiry. If we look at the present situation, in total 356 child-monitoring houses have been set up in India by August 2017⁴. (Shri Shashi Bhushan)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

In the present paper, the study has been made with three research objectives. First to study the laws related to Children in conflict with the law, so that a clear outlook could be obtained how these children are governed and regulated under the umbrella of law. Secondly, to study the reasons behind the problem of running away of children from child observation homes so that proper identification of the shortcomings of the homes could be traced and finally the third objective is to propose the solutions after analyzing the problem in depth so that the children in conflict with the law could be prevented from running away from child observation homes and the main objective of their establishment could be achieved meaningfully.

METHODOLOGY:

The research methodology applied in this study is Empirical legal research. It is based on the observation of circumstances present in the Child Observation Homes and the answers received from the inmates of the children home through secondary sources. The provisions of the laws related to Child in Conflict in law have been closely studied and the parallel practical execution of those laws for the said children’s correction and rehabilitation has been tested. The primary and secondary data have been collected and the conclusions have been drawn out, after analyzing and interpreting those data. Simply, empirical research means relying solemnly on observation and experiment and not on theory. Empirical legal research is also termed as Non-Doctrinal legal research or fact research.

Laws or legal provisions are nothing but are the solutions to the problem of society to eradicate that particular problem. A researcher, through his research work, tries to find out the actual relationship between a particular legal provision and its impact on society or any gap existing between those legal principles and its implications in the society, etc. That means, there should be a minimum of two variables, viz., any legal principle and society or any set of another field, e.g., economics, technology, political etc., then that research methodology will be termed as socio-legal research in wider sense and when collection of data is in a manner of empirical then it will be an empirical legal research. Whether research is empirical or doctrinal, it can be traced out only by pointing the method of collection of data or information and in this study, the empirical legal research methodology is being implied.

LAW POINT OF VIEW:

In order to consolidate and amend the law related to the child who is in conflict with the law and to amend the law relating to care and Protection of child, law has been enacted under the guiding principles of Article 15(3) and 39(e), 39(f) and Article 45 and 47 of our Indian Constitution. It is a step to ensure that all the needs of the children are met and their human rights are fully protected. It also ensures that proper judicial measures should be adopted towards such child along with the motto of their development and remediation in the mainstream of the society. The laws enacted aim for the rehabilitation of children and to regulate the related subject matter through the activities and bodies established under it, whereas the leading legal cases in this domain and the international conventions reveal universal concern to this major issue. The legal concern is so because “in absence of rule of law and order in the society, there will be anarchy in the state and it will be equal to the rule of forest where the stronger animal prays the weaker one.”⁵(Kumar)

International Conventions Regarding Child Rights and Protecton:

Child rights and welfare concerns have been addressed in a number of International Conventions and norms on child protection including the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) 1989, the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules), 1985, the UN Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty, 1990, and the Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption, 1993. The Government of India ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1992. These international conventions were the motivating sources for India which encouraged and set an obligatory effect to frame laws suitable accordingly for the sake of the children.

Leading Cases:

Sheela Barse V/S Union of India:

It was on July 12, 1986 in this case⁶ (Supreme Court Cases, Sheela Barse v/s Union of India and Others) the Supreme Court gave directions for ‘safe custody’ of mentally and physically retarded and destitute children who were caught and kept at jails of various parts of country so that such children could be safeguarded against the negative effect of the jail. According to the Supreme Court, the number of remand and observations homes of the state should be increased along with the establishment of Juvenile Courts, one in each district with suitably trained magistrates for dealing with the children. The time factor for completion of investigation of a complaint or an FIR lodged against a child below 16 years of age for an offence with a punishment of imprisonment of maximum 7 years was directed as 3 months. In case charge sheet is filed in these 03 months, further trial and disposal have to be accomplished within 06 months. In case of deviation of these directions, the related prosecution proceedings can be subject to invalidation. In order to obtain absolute uniformity, the court suggested for Parliamentary Legislation at Central government level as well.

Sampurna Behrua Vs Union of India & Ors:

Last but not the least; on 9 February, 2018 Supreme Court gave judgment in this writ petition⁷ (Supreme Court Cases, Sampurna Behrua v/s Union of India and Other), pertaining to Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and 2015 which alleged against the state governments for non-adherence to the provisions of the act and caught an eye towards the horrific conditions at children homes such as Faridkot in Punjab, Darbhanga and Mujaffarpur in Bihar, Beed in Maharashtra etc. The Court through its judgment directed towards inclusion of Police and Civil members of the society in the State Child Protection Society and District Child Protection Units. Other directions and suggestions included monitoring of National Commissions for Protection of Child Rights, State Commission for Protection of Child Rights, establishment of Juvenile Justice Board in each district, which could work on daily basis to resolve a large number of cases and for carrying out of audit every six months so that the Juvenile Justice Act implementation could be ensured.

Children in Conflict with Law and Juvenile Justice Act 2015:

The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 consists of various important provisions in relation to defining of “Child in conflict with law” as a child below eighteen years of age who is alleged or found to have committed an offence, Section 2(13) and lays down the power, functions and responsibility of board under section 8- (2) (j). Similarly, under section 19 (4) - Powers of children court are being specified as to report periodic follow up every year by the probation officer or the District Child Protection Unit or a social worker. Section 53(1) relates to Services of Rehabilitation and reintegration nature and their management in institutions registered under this Act such as making availability under the prescribed standards of food, shelter, clothing, medical facilities, skill advancement, occupational promotion and like skill learning, mental health fitness with counseling facilities, (vii) recreational activities including sports and cultural activities; to maintain the good health of the child in conflict with the law. Such and many more provisions in the Juvenile Justice Act are the shields and boons for the Children in conflict with the law as per the norms but are subject to belief on testing of ground reality.

Manual of Ministry of Women and Child Development:

As per the manual of Ministry of Women and child development the standards of these observation Homes is being set as that all residential and classroom premises shall be build up in as a safe and protected zone for the children, with proper light and ventilation with special arrangements for the children with disability and first aid medical facilities. Further, display of various important numbers like CHILDLINE (1098), Police (100), Management Committee Members, fire and ambulance, Counselor, Child representative in committee and the Children Committee⁸ must be done. (Ministry of Women and Child Development, Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law). It’s the mandate for the Child Care Institution that they should work together with the parents, police, community, Organizations of Civil Society for protection and comprehensive development of the children in Children Observation Homes, and many more. Other protocols are for Staff, Employees, Duty Bearers, Volunteers and other visitors.

Staff, Employees, duty bearers:

Staff, Employees, duty bearers are restricted not to Kiss, fondle, rub or touch, hug a child in an inappropriate or insensitive way, sleep alone with any of the child, use corporal punishment, speak mentally or emotionally abusive language to the child, threaten, tease, mock, give gift in cash or kind to the children directly. These and similar more certain protocols are being specified for the staff, employees and duty bearers but the question lies in the fact, whether how much of these are known to the children and in cases where these prohibitions are being violated where does the child is supposed to complaint⁹. (Ministry of Women and Child Development, Living Conditions In Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law)

Behaviour Protocols for volunteers and other visitors:

Similarly behavioural protocols are being set for the volunteers and other visitors in these homes like gift in cash or kind not to be given to these children directly but to the Child Care Institution, shall not inquire about the children like personal details, not to encourage infatuation of any kind or ask the child to meet lone outside the campus and should be allowed to take these children for outings that too in groups with prior due permission of the in- charge of the Home¹⁰. (Ministry of Women ad Child Development, Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law)

Parameters for Construction of Child Care Institutions:

The various parameters prescribed for the construction of Child Care Institutions and which a CCI should fulfil are mentioned as follows, which prove to be a mere prescription on paper and a dream in reality¹¹ (Ministry of Women ad Child Development, Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law)

Table 1: Parameters for Construction of Child Care Institutions

S. No	Item for Construction	Area in Sq. Feet
(i)	2 Dormitories	Each 1000 Sq. Ft. for 25 juveniles/children i.e., 2000 Sq. Ft.
(ii)	2 Classrooms	300 Sq. Ft. For 25 juveniles/children i.e. 600 Sq. ft.
(iii)	Sickroom/First aid room	75 Sq. ft. per juvenile/children for 10 i.e. 750 Sq. ft.
(iv)	Kitchen	250 Sq. ft.
(v)	Dining Hall	800 Sq. ft.
(vi)	Store	250 Sq. ft.
(vii)	Recreation Room	300 Sq. ft.
(viii)	Library	500 Sq. ft.
(ix)	5 bath rooms	25 Sq. ft each i.e. 125 Sq. ft.
(x)	8 toilets/latrines	25 Sq. ft. Each i.e. 200 Sq. ft.
(xi)	Office rooms	(a) 300 Sq. ft. (b) Superintendent‘s room 200 sq. fit
(xii)	Counseling and guidance room	120 Sq. ft.
(xiii)	Workshop	1125 Sq.ft. For 15 juvenile 75 Sq.ft. Per trainee
(xiv)	Residence for Superintendent	(a) 2 rooms of 250 Sq. ft. each (b) Kitchen 75 Sq. ft. I bathroom-cum-Toilet/latrine 50 Sq. ft
(xv)	2 Rooms for Juvenile Justice Board/Child Welfare Committee	300 Sq. ft. each i.e. 600 Sq. ft.
3(xvi)	Play ground	Sufficient area according to the total number of juveniles or children
Total		8495 Sq. ft.

Condition of Children in Child Observation Home:

At Child Observation Home Mana Raipur:

The study of the conditions of children in conflict with the law at Child Observation Home Raipur reveals that such children face the problem of insecurity and intra-violence. Several news states, that the children residing here, involve themselves in Gang war. They form Clans just like the adult criminals living in the big jails, and these clans fight among themselves and shed blood on simple reasons and try to kill each other by using deadly weapons like knives etc.¹²(Namdeo). It denotes that the Child behavioral problems are not being addressed properly. An understanding approach that “…the growing years of a child are perhaps the most difficult a family ever has. It is during these years that a child comes to terms with various concepts of life, like family belonging, discipline, social norms etc... is found missing here.”¹³(Archana Maurya, B. Lakhakar)

The main task of the Observational Home is to keep such children under observation so that correctional measures could be imbibed in them along with the development of their skills, but the responses as revealed by the media do not show such measures at length. In these reform homes, children are involved in different kinds of crimes, for whom various provisions of counselling and professional training are being provisioned. Various reports reveal that as such neither psychological counsellor for these children is being appointed nor they are benefitted with any vocational training. Also, these children have been devoid of recreational facilities. Research study shows that these children are tortured by the working staffs of the respective observation homes. Being harassed by such instances, few of the children try to commit suicide¹⁴ (Nai Duniya). These facts reveal that improvement in education, health, and entertainment measures for these children need to be improved.

At Child Observation Home Pulgaon Durg:

The situation of Pulgaon, District Durg Child Observation Home is also worse than that of the Raipur, the situation is such that every now and then there is bloodshed among the children for the sake of exhibiting their monopoly. It is the result of one of such occasions that one of the children in conflict with law lost his life¹⁵ (Namdeo). News reveals that the cook of this home is an easy means to arrange narcotic drugs for the children, this fact supports Sharma et al’s research opinion that “… living a drug-filled life can lead to many other criminal problems, including gang activity and drug-related criminal offenses.”¹⁶(Sharma et al.) Further as per the media, the old gangs of this home demand five thousand rupees from the new children who come over to this observation home. If the children fail to do so, he is being assaulted. It totally defies “the custom of our Indian culture that we always welcome our new comers.” In our Indian colleges, “in the same way welcoming the new student is also the symbol of our rich culture heritage of India. So the new students are welcomed by the senior students.”¹⁷(Minj and Khan)But in case of these homes, which are literarily named as “homes”, the ill practice of harassing and extortion of money from the newbie has caused threat and phobia.This kind of maltreatment cause serious emotional abuse and “research available shows that emotional abuse is considered as the more devastating form of child abuse than sexual abuse and physical abuse because of its traumatic effects on the development of children.”¹⁸(Devi and Yadav) It is for greater surprise that as such no actions are being taken against such activities by the employee working here and such mischief is performed without fear. Regular staffs have not been made available in this Observation Home and no officer ever inspects in this Observation Home.

Strength of Children at Child Observation Homes:

The following table shows the status of CICL (Children in Conflict with Law) in Raipur Mana Camp Observation Home and Pulgaon Durg Observation Home¹⁹ (High Court of Chhattisgarh Bilaspur)

Data Regarding Children Runaway from Child Observation Home:

According to the information received from the media, according to the Child Reform Home Raipur, 08 children in 2015 , 14 children in the year 2016, 2 children in the year 2017²⁰ (Namdeo) and 10 children in 2018²¹ (Tripathi) had fled away from the Observation home Raipur and 04 Children in 2015²² (Nai Duniya), 05 children in 2016, 10 children in 2017²³ (Namdeo) and 13 children in 2018²⁴ (Nai Duniya) from Child Observation Home Pulgaon Durg.

Fig.1: Data of number of Children runaway from observation Home

Reasons of Children Run Away from Child Observation Home:

As per the study the various reasons responsible for running away of children from Child Observation Home are identified as:

1. Keeping the children more than the prescribed numbers in the Child Observation Homes.

2. Failure to provide a corrective environment for the children living in the Homes.

3. Violence against the children in the name of rehabilitation in the Observation homes.

4. Bullying and harassment did against the children to pressurize them to call money from their homes.

5. Denial of proper facilities of education, health and recreation to the children.

6. Proper food not made available to the children.

7. Non-allowance of children to meet their families on time.

8. No proper maintenance of boundary wall of the Child Observation Homes.

9. The negligence of the Employees in their duty.

10. The hollowness and deteriorated lifestyle at Child Observation Homes.

11. Failure of proper management by the staff at the Observation Homes.

12. Lack of fraternity amongst the Children at the Observation Homes.

13. Easy availability of drugs, alcohol and narcotics to the Children.

14. Senior Children beat the Junior Children frequently.

15. Presence of Gang Culture amongst the Children in such Homes.

16. The Insufficient number of staffs to look over the children.

17. Non-adherence to the instructions given by the higher officials for resolution of the problem by the subordinates.

18. The suicidal tendency of the Children in these Homes due to various reasons.

19. Lack of proper routine which would reform these children.

20. No planning for the abolition of Drug addiction of the Children in Conflict with the law.

21. The Non-fulfillment of the guidelines of Women and Child Ministry is also one of the chief factors.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION:

Conclusion:

Our children are our future and one of the basic responsibilities is to care doe them in the best and most compassionate manner possible.”

Nelson Mandela

Thus to conclude, it is observable that various provisions and guidelines are given for the children in conflict with the law in the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act 2015, case laws and manuals of Ministry, which in totality are the existing law and are the vital sources which gives legal validity to the establishment of such Observation Homes for retribution and reformation of such Children by confining them in these Homes. But on the contrary, the frequent runaway of the children from Observation Homes are paralyzing the aims of such well-established laws are a big challenge, which are evident by the deep study of the Raipur and Durg Children Observation Homes. These Homes lack proper implementation of the guidelines and parameters of the Ministry of Women and Child and have inadequate facilities and have complaints of abusive behaviour towards children as reported by the children as well as media. There exists certain major reason that they run away from these reforms Homes, which sets a question mark on the security measures of these homes and the implementation and meaningfulness of the said related laws and guidelines. What matters is achievement of Justice for this Children in conflict with law as “Justice is good in and of itself because it is, along with the other virtues, constitutive of a genuinely human life.”²⁵(Neral) Certain suggestions could be followed to improve the atmosphere of these homes so that the observation homes could become learning homes for these children.

Suggestion:

1. A five-member committee should be constituted which would inspect from time to time, which shall mainly consist of members from judiciary, women and child development department, media, place of residence, education field etc.

2. In addition to the above a second class gazette officer from the state within and another state should inspect the child-monitoring house, every three months alternatively.

3. In JJ Act 2015 provision should be made to appoint Shiksha Mitra, Swasthya Mitra and Khel Mitra by the state government in Child Care Institutions so that education, health and sports facilities could be made available to the children.

4. The registration of the Child Reforms Homes if not found in accordance with the guidelines issued by Central Women and Child Development, shall be cancelled immediately with a sentence of 6 months imprisonment and Rs 10000 as fine.

5. CCTV cameras should be placed in proper quantity and place in Observation Homes.

6. A uniform as a representation of uniformity should be made available to the Children.

7. Skilled and Qualified teachers, as well as a library should be made available to the children for education purpose. Books related to moral science and favourite books should be issued to the children, so that it may avoid detrimental situations as Chetan.S.Patali et al opine that “detrimental environment, lack of basic needs, poor parenting supervision, other factors may turn a child to a delinquent i.e. a juvenile delinquent.”²⁶

8. Sports items, as well as radio and television should be made available as a means of entertainment and education at particular timing. “A good deal of research effort has been directed upon the role of television in child development” and asserted that “it conveys more experiential meanings and provides useful educational packages to the children.”²⁷(Guru and Nabi)

9. Every day there should be yoga classes for the better mental and physical health of the children. A qualified Yoga teacher should be made available.

10. Lessons of Spirituality shall be included in daily routines.

11. Enough staff should be appointed in the Homes

12. Health checkup should be done from time to time for better health of the children.

13. The moral and motivational sentences can be displayed over the walls for inspiration.

14. Nutrition food should be made available to children in food and snacks.

15. Children can be trained in skill-based activities such as making a cake, making dona & pattal, chalk making, gardening, mobile repairing, band playing, computer etc.

16. Various routine therapies like Psychotherapy, Reality Therapy, Behavior Therapy and Activity Therapy can be used for the betterment of the children

REFERENCES:

1. John F. Kennedy. “John F. Kennedy > Quotes > Quotable Quote.” Goodreads, https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/506105-children-are-the-world-s-most-valuable-resource-and-its-best. Accessed 10 Jan. 2019

2. Ritu Bala. Situation of Child Labour in India: Constitutional and Legal Safeguards. Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2017; 5(3): 155.

3. G. Sarojini . Children are The Most Precious Resources are the Key to the Future of our Planet. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management 2(4): Oct. - Dec., 2014; Page 289.

4. Shri Shashi Bhushan. Answers Data of Rajya Sabha Questions for Session 239. 2017, https://data.gov.in/resources/state-wise-details-total-number-observation-homes-special-homes-well-places-safety-along.

5. Sanjay Kumar. Maintenance of Law and Order in India- Challenges and Solutions. Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 4(2): April - June, 2016; Page 98.

6. Supreme Court Cases. Sheela Barse v/s Union of India and Others. Vol. 3, 1986, p. 632, http://www.disabilityindia.co.in/Disability-Law-and-Access-to-Rights/mentallydisabled.php.

7. Supreme Court Cases. Sampurna Behrua v/s Union of India and Other. Vol. 4, 2018, p. 433, https://www.scconline.com/ DocumentLink.aspx?q=JTXT-0002845675.

8. Ministry of Women and Child Development. Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law. 2017, 40. https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Final Manual 24 April 2017_5.pdf.

9. Ministry of Women and Child Development. Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law. 2017, 41. https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Final Manual 24 April 2017_5.pdf.

10. Ministry of Women and Child Development. Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law. 2017, 43. https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Final Manual 24 April 2017_5.pdf.

11. Ministry of Women and Child Development. Living Conditions in Institutions for Children in Conflict with Law. 2017, 64-65. https://wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Final Manual 24 April 2017_5.pdf.

12. Namdeo, Sunil. “Bal Sudhar Grih Mein Gangwar , 10 Se Adhik Kaidi Ladke Ghayal.” Aaj Tak, 12 Jan. 2018, https://aajtak.intoday.in/crime/story/raipur-gangwar-in-child-juvenile-home-8-to-10-prisoner-boys-got-injured-1-977215.html.

13. Archana Maurya, B. Lakhakar, Darshana Kumari. Prevalence of behaviour problem among school going children in rural area of Sawangi Meghe Wardha. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2016; 4(3): 353.

14. “Mana Bal Sudhar Grih Ki Halat Gambhir, Jach Dal Ne Dekhi Khamiyan.” Naiduniya, 9 Feb. 2018, https://naidunia.jagran.com/chhattisgarh/raipur-condition-of-the-mana-juvenile-home-is-poor-flaws-seen-by-the-investigating-team-1547921.

15. “Durg Ke Bal Sudhar Grih Mein Kishoro Ke Bich Marpit, Ek Ki Maut.” Aaj Tak, 2 Nov. 2017, https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/blood-clash-juvenile-home-in-durg-one-sccumbed-to-death-1-962066.html.

16. Mukesh Sharma, Kushagra Nagori, Shubhang Agrawal, Vinay S. Verma, Hemendra Swarnakar, Sanjay Vaishnav, Md. Nazir, Nasim Khan, Ajay Singh. Drug Abuse: A Curse for Human Society. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 4(2): April-June 2014; Page 101

17. Jayant Minj, Dr. Abdul Alim Khan. A Critical Evaluation of Ragging and Anti ragging Laws in India. Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2017; 5(2): 77

18. Akoijam Mamata Devi, Ritu Yadav. Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among Parents. Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management. 2016; 4(3): 192

19. High.Court..of.Chhattisgarh..Bilaspur..Report..on..Juvenile.Justice.System.Chhattisgarh. http://www.cgslsa.gov.in/JJB/Child_Care_Institutions_In_CG.pdf.

20. Namdeo, Sunil. “Durg ke Bal Sudhar Grih Mein kishoron ke bich marpeet, ek ki maut” Aaj Tak, 02 Nov. 2017, https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/blood-clash-juvenile-home-in-durg-one-sccumbed-to-death-1-962066.html

21. Tripathi, Sanjeet. “Bal Sampreshan Grih Se 10 Apchari Bacche Farar.” IBC24, 23 June 2018, https://www.ibc24.in/news/child-protection-house-38765.

22. Reporter Nai Duniya. “Chobis Ghanton Mein Sampreshan Grih Se 04 Balak Farar.” Naiduniya, 30 Apr.2015, https://naidunia.jagran.com/chhattisgarh/bhilai-twentyfour-hours-to-4-children-escaped-transmittal-home-358986.

23. Namdeo, Sunil. “Durg ke Bal Sudhar Grih Mein kishoron ke bich marpeet, ek ki maut” Aaj Tak, 02 Nov. 2017, https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/blood-clash-juvenile-home-in-durg-one-sccumbed-to-death-1-962066.html

24. Nai duniya. “Durg Jile Mein Bal Sudhar Grih Se Bhage 13 Apchari Balak, Ek Nale Mein Baha Teen Pakdaye.” Naiduniya, 20 Aug. 2018, https://naidunia.jagran.com/chhattisgarh/durg-10-boys-absconding-from-child-house-in-durg-2526254.

25. Apoorva Neral. The Theories of Justice and its Correlation with Law. Research J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 4(2): April-June, 2013, 159

26. Chetan. S. Patali, Susheel Kumar V. Ronad, Suvarna. S. Pinnapati. Children Psycho-Social Factors in Conflict with law at Care Institutions in Indian Milieu. Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2018; 6(3): 232

27. B.P. Mahesh Chandra Guru, Aabid Nabi, Raja Raslana. Role of Television in Child Development. Research J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 4(2): April-June, 2013, 268

Received on 04.06.2019 Modified on 23.06.2019

Res. J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 2019; 10(3):782-788.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5828.2019.00128.1

OBSERVATION HOME
S. No.	Address	Status	Total Capacity	No. of CICL’s in OH.	No. of CICL’s
1.	Mana Camp, Raipur (C.G)	Registered run by Govt.	100	113	62 (Raipur)
2.	Pulgaon Durg (C.G)	Registered run by Govt.	50	45	16 (Durg)